What are the Three Dimensions of the Next Generation Science Standards?

The foundation of the NGSS standards is a three-dimensional system of learning that includes Scientific and Engineering Practices, Crosscutting Concepts, and Disciplinary Core Ideas.

1. Scientific and Engineering Practices

The practice and methodologies of real-life scientists and engineers.

• Defining Problems and Asking Questions

• Developing and Using Models

• Planning and Carrying Out Investigations

• Analyzing and Interpreting Data

• Using Mathematics and Computational Thinking

• Constructing Explanations and Designing Solutions

• Engaging in Argument from Evidence

2. Cross Cutting Concepts

Ideas that overlap across multiple branches of science and engineering.

• Cause and Effect: the idea that one process is responsible for another

• Patterns: a framework for understanding and analyzing repetition

• Systems and System Models: Organizing Principles

• Similarity and Diversity: commonalities and discrepancies across disciplines

• Scale, Proportion, Quantity: understanding size and growth

• Energy and Matter: the study of physical substance and how things work

• Structure and Function: principles of design and engineering

• Stability and Change: the study of equilibrium and evolution

3. Disciplinary Core Ideas

The four overarching science and engineering subjects deemed most crucial for post-secondary life.

• Physical Science

• Life Science

• Earth and Space Sciences

• Engineering, Technology, and Application